A large number of systemic pathologies can lead to a significant decrease in quality of life, complete performance loss and even severe disability.The diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system occur not only in old age.Each case 2-3 is observed in patients with active age.The most dangerous and poorly passable correction is arthrosis.
This degenerative disease is accompanied by the tuning of cartilage in large and small joints, which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of movements and pronounced pain when trying to execute them.It is possible to avoid serious consequences only as a result of appointing proper treatment in the early stages of disease development.In this article, we will discover the causes of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern diagnosis and arthrosis treatment.
The prevalence of arthrosis
Paying attention to statistical indicators, it can be found that arthrosis is a very relevant disease and, each year, the frequency of its occurrence is growing only.According to the World Health Organization, the pathology is observed in seven percent of the population of the planet.This first places it in the detection frequency compared to other musculoskeletal system disorders.
Arthrosis is a chronic disease of the joints of non -inflammatory etiology, leading to deformations in the affected areas
Often cartilage degeneration is observed in young people, more often can be found in men.In young girls, interphalance arthrosis is often detected.After reaching the fifty years, the frequency of the lesion and the location of the focus becomes approximately the same for representatives of both sexes and is approximately 60%.
From the data presented, it can be understood that it is extremely important to identify pathology in the early stages for the most effective drug therapy.Otherwise, the treatment of launched arthrosis will be inaccessible to most elderly patients in connection with the financial component.
Causes and risk factors for the development of arthrosis
The frequency of occurrence of the joint disease presented led to the fact that the problem is acute in the medical circles of highly developed countries.Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on studies on arthrosis by the main clinics annually.The gradual study of the problem made it possible to discover the pathogenesis of the process and the factors that may increase the likelihood of disease occurrence.
The modern and most complete classification of joint degeneration will be presented below;At this stage, it is sufficient to understand that primary and secondary forms are distinguished.
The reasons that can lead to the development of a secondary joint disease include the following:
- Congenital changes associated with blood supply for joints;
- cartilage injury, ligament apparatus or bone growth zones;
- Violations associated with metabolism, especially with a mineral bond;
- Autoimmune pathologies;
- infections that affect bone tissue;
- hemophilia.
Primary arthrosis is an independent disease, it can develop as a result of the influence of such provocative factors:
- Senyl age;
- the presence of overweight;
- Excessive physical activity;
- Surgical interventions in the joint;
- genetic predisposition;
- insufficient food intake of calcium and other minerals;
- Chronic intoxication;
- Long and frequent stay at low temperatures;
- Frequent injury to bone joint.
The Arthrosis Development Mechanism
The normal bone joint consists of two or more heads of the joint appliance, ligament, cartilage and synovial liquid.All of these structures provide mobility in a certain area of the painless musculoskeletal system, they also allow the load obtained walking and jumping, spreading -without causing damage to the body.
Articulation arthrosis belongs to a group of diseases with polyetiological origin.This means that, most of the time, the cause of development is the influence of a whole trigger complex, including professional damage, overweight, elderly and malnutrition.Pathogenesis is that certain influences lead to significant deterioration on blood supply and lymphatic flow of the specified area.
In addition, chondrocytes lose the capacity for rapid regeneration and products of a normal amount of intra -articular fluid, which reduces surface friction during motion.Gradually, the cartilage becomes rough and begins to wash under the influence of pressure during the active body movements.
Gradually, the compensatory capabilities of tissues are exhausted and gradually a layer of chondrocytes is erased.When degeneration reaches bones, pronounced pain develops and mobility decreases significantly.Without proper treatment, the patient may completely lose the ability to move active and even maintain their needs independently.
Arthrosis symptoms
The person does not discover what arthrosis is, the disease begins gradually and is not shown in the early stages.Over time, the patient observes the appearance of slight pain without a certain location, which is improved at the bottom of a significant physical exertion.The growing degeneration leads to the fact that pain appear with smaller movements and gains a clear place.
The less noticeable symptoms of arthrosis development include:
- "Painful" pains in case of climate;
- crispy when moving;
- Morning stiffness;
- muscle cramps.
With a deep injury to the cartilage, there are signs indicating local inflammation, such as swelling, skin redness and a local temperature increase.If a person does not seek the help of a doctor, symptoms progress and begin to appear not only against the background of exercise, but also at rest.
The thinning of a layer of chondrocytes leads to joint deformation and a violation of the normal functioning of the limb.When feeling the pathological focus, the patient will notice the points of the greatest pain.In addition, the cartilage lip will be significantly thickened along its edge, which will indicate compensatory hypertrophy.
Pain
A large number of violations in the field of bone joints lead to certain difficulties in the process of differential diagnosis.However, having evaluated the nature of pain, arthritis from another etiology can be distinguished.In the described state, painful sensations occur, as a rule, when trying to perform active movements.Its intensity will gradually increase by trying to increase the load in the damaged joint.
The clinical image described corresponds to the first stage of the process.In the second and third stage of progression, the pains even appear in a complete rest, you can stop them just giving a comfortable position to the limb.The difference between arthritis is the constant presence of pain, which does not disappear when the position is altered and also intensifies at night.
Articulation sowing
The destruction of the natural structure of the cartilage causes active proliferation of chondroblasts, but each polypotent cell in our body has a certain limit of division.This phenomenon is called compensatory buffer.This means that after a certain amount of mitotic divisions, the cell dies and can no longer reproduce its own type.
After some time, this causes a change in the normal form of the joint gap, the appearance of "Christ" called or consequences in their lumen and recesses.This phenomenon exacerbates only the process, since peaks formed during the process of destruction cause additional damage during movement.
Due to the change in the softness of the joint surface, the appearance of tuberosity and irregularities, the amplitude of active and passive movements is significantly reduced.It is this symptom that usually makes the patient seek medical help.Unfortunately, at this stage, the effectiveness of drug treatment becomes very low, only the correction of the surgical joint can correct the situation.
Resources include:
- High probability of developing "contracture" or complete disappearance of active and passive movements in the limb;
- The stock is observed throughout the day, not just morning, as in arthritis;
- In some cases, the limb must be manually faded to give a more convenient position.
Sounds at the joint
Many heard a characteristic “clear” sound by kneading the joints.There is a theory that in a healthy person this phenomenon is observed when pressure on the bone joint capsule in the capsule changes as a result, the density of synovial fluid changes dramatically and the gas bubbles, which are rapidly expanding and expanding, creating a crust appearance.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but with arthrosis a similar sound appears as a result of other processes.
Crystra's cartilage was formed during the destruction of the articulation and joint lip, leading to the formation of cracks and the reform of the ligament apparatus.Even an inexperienced person will be able to distinguish sound in the articulation with arthrosis - he is higher and "dry".The severity and volume of the symptom described are directly proportional to the stage of the disease.
The specificities of sounds in the joint with arthrosis are:
- Its presence only in the impressive articulation;
- Always accompanied by a deterioration of mobility;
- Expense progresses in the posterior stages of the disease.
Changing the appearance of the joint
In the early stages of arthrosis development, the process does not lead to a change in the form of bone articulation.A remarkable change can only be observed with a neglected disease when one part of the joint is completely erased and the other still produces cartilage cells.As a result, the pathological area increases significantly and loses its natural form.The specified symptom is extremely unfavorable, since the presence of deformation in the region, for example, the knee or hip joint, will invariably lead to changes in the lower structures due to the displacement of the applied load shaft.
Types and internships of arthrosis
The modern classification of arthrosis is quite branched due to the vast list of the possible location of the pathological focus.
For the convenience of communication between specialists from various medical centers and even countries on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, the main ones are distinguished:
- hand arthrosis;
- cervical;
- ankle;
- knee;
- Polartros;
- hip;
- column.
By establishing a diagnosis, a very important stage is exactly the exact determination of the destructive process stage.The stages of arthrosis development are distinguished:
Step 1 - There are no completely visible changes in the form of the joint, the disorders are observed in the biochemical composition of intraarticular fluid, an insignificant pain syndrome appears, complemented by inflammatory manifestations in the joint.
Step 2 - A degenerative process is observed in cartilaginous tissue, the forms of “Christ”, rigidity, and significant pain syndrome during movements are united.The dystrophy of the surrounding articulation of the muscles develops.
Stage 3 - The presence of extensive outbreaks of cartilage destruction is determined, the shape of the joint is altered, the amplitude of active and passive movements in the limbs is significantly reduced or completely absent.Often, in patients at this stage, contractures develop that completely interrupt movements in the affected area.
Complications
A non -controlled process of destruction can lead to serious complications that can, in addition to reducing quality of life, leads to a complete inability to take care independently.
The most difficult to include:
- Complete destruction of joint cartilage tissue;
- contracture;
- the appearance of hernial protrusions in the intervertebral discs area;
- Severe disability of the patient;
- Significant limb deformation.
Treatment of arthrosis
Unfortunately, many patients, unfortunately, learn what arthrosis is and how to treat it in these stages when a significant effect is no longer possible to have a significant effect.It is necessary to be involved in the correction of the condition of the musculoskeletal system after the appearance of the first symptoms and throughout life.This is due to the fact that the impact of factors that contribute to the development of the disease is rarely possible to prevent.For example, age -related changes in blood supply and lymphatic flow of the joint require constant use of vascular medications.Given pathogenesis, therapy should be complex and comprehensive.To begin with, after the appearance of unpleasant sensations when moving, consult a specialist of the rheumatological profile or traumatologist.The doctor, based on laboratory and instrumental diagnosis, will establish a precise diagnosis and resolve the issue of proper treatment prescription.
Medicine treatment
In the early stages of arthrosis, you can correct the situation with the help of medicines.For this purpose, these medications are used:
- Adrenal cortex hormones;
- Non -esteroid anti -inflammatory drugs;
- Preparations with chondroprotective effects.
A complex influence allows the patient to save from pain, leveling the inflammatory process and restores the normal blood supply in the shortest possible time.
The last therapy
Advanced developments in the field of drug treatment have led to the creation of new medications, which are essentially substitutes for natural synovial fluid.Developed molecules can significantly reduce the process of cartilage degeneration, reduce pain and save the patient from inflammatory phenomena.Artificial synovial liquid is introduced directly into the joint bag each week.The duration of a treatment course is 3-5 weeks.Generally, the result achieved is sufficient for a person's normal life for 6 to 12 months.Patients claim that comfort and quality of life are significantly improved.Unfortunately, this tactic is applicable only in relation to people with 1-2 stage of arthrosis.
Surgical treatment
With severe damage to large joints such as hip or knee, at a relatively young age up to 60, patients receive an operation for a complete joint replacement.Today, ceramic and titanium transplants are used that can completely restore lost functions.These devices are strong enough and are able to provide the patient up to 20 years of life without problems with replaced joint mobility.
Folkloric recipes
Non -traditional medicine is widely used in the treatment of arthrosis.This is due to the fact that after interrupting an acute process, lifelong therapy is necessary, in order to restore and maintain the natural structure of cartilage.To achieve the goals, the products used must be safe and as natural as possible.
Compresses and lotions with a decoction of the following plants are very popular:
- ginger root;
- cinnamon;
- Kalanchoe;
- turmeric;
- Celery.
Diet with arthrosis
In the treatment of the pathology presented, it is extremely important to provide the body with a constant nutrient intake.This can only be achieved if compliance with proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements of the diet in terms of protein content, fat.To compile the most suitable power circuit, you should seek help from a nutritionist.From the diet, it is necessary to remove carbohydrates and quick alcohol.The base of the table should be fish dish, red meat and fresh fruits.
It is very important to comply with the following nutritional rules of arthrosis:
- balance;
- Eat 5-6 times a day in small portions;
- Do not eat after 19:00;
- Free of excess body weight.
Prevention
Today, there is no specific prevention of arthrosis due to the polyetiological state.
You can alert the onset of the disease by observing general recommendations:
- Proper nutrition;
- Moderate physical activity 2-3 times a week;
- Standardization of body weight;
- Frequent fractional nutrition;
- compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- Refusal of bad habits.
Conclusion
The pathological condition presented of the musculoskeletal system is often observed in older patients.It is necessary to increase the frequency of early diagnosis of the disease, because only in this case is it possible to have a successful result of conservative treatment.The prognosis for working capacity, subject to the identification and early observance of all prescriptions of the doctor, is favorable.The presence of arthrosis of the third stage is accompanied by an unfavorable prognosis and can lead to the patient's complete disability to serve himself.
However, even the most severe form of the disease is adjusted with the help of surgical treatment, whose disadvantages are:
- trauma of the operation;
- High cost;
- long rehabilitation period;
- It cannot be applied to patients over 60 years old.